莎士比亚的十四行诗的第十八首
Sonnet 18 This sonnet is by far one of the most interesting poems in the book. Of Shakespeare's sonnets in the text, this is one of the most moving lyric poems that I have ever read. There is great use of imagery within the sonnet. This is not to say that the rest of the poems in the book were not good, but this to me was the best, most interesting, and most beautiful of them. It is mainly due to the simplicity and loveliness of the poem praise of the beloved woman that it has guaranteed its place in my mind, and heart.The speaker of the poem opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" This question is comparing her to the summer time of the year. It is during this time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and it is generally thought of as an enjoyable time during the year. The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similar comparisons between the beloved and summer days. In lines 2 and 3, the speaker explains what mainly separates the young woman from the summer's day: she is "more lovely and more temperate." (Line 2) Summer's days tend toward extremes: they are sometimes shaken by "rough winds" (line3) which happens and is not always as welcoming as the woman. However in line 4, the speaker gives the feeling again that the summer months are often to short by saying, "And summer lease hath too short a date." In the summer days, the sun, "the eye of heaven" (line 5), often shines "too hot," or too dim, "his gold complexion dimmed" (line 6), that is there are many hot days during the summer but soon the sun begins to set earlier at night because autumn is approaching. Summer is moving along too quickly for the speaker, its time here needs to be longer, and it also means that the chilling of autumn is coming upon us because the flowers will soon be withering, as "every fair from fair sometime declines." (Line 7) The final portion of the sonnet tells how the beloved differs from the summer in various respects. Her beauty will be one that lasts forever, "Thy eternal summer shall not fade." (Line 9), and never end or die. In the couplet at the bottom, the speaker explains how that the beloved's beauty will accomplish this everlasting life unlike a summer. And it is because her beauty is kept alive in this poem, which will last forever. It will live "as long as men can breathe or eyes can see." (Line 13)On the surface, the poem is on the surface simply a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved woman and perhaps summer to the speaker is sometimes too unpleasant with the extremes of windiness and heat that go along with it. However, the beloved in the poem is always mild and temperate by her nature and nothing at all like the summer. It is incidentally brought to life as being described as the "eye of heaven" with its "gold complexion". The imagery throughout the sonnet is simple and attainable to the reader, which is a key factor in understanding the poem. Then the speaker begins to describe the summer again with the "darling buds of May" giving way to the " summer lease", springtime moving into the warmth of the summer. The speaker then starts to promise to talk about this beloved, that is so great and awing that she is to live forever in this sonnet. The beloved is so great that the speaker will even go as far as to say that, "So long as men breathe, or eyes can see," the woman will live. The language is almost too simple when comparing it to the rest of Shakespeare sonnets; it is not heavy with alliteration or verse, and nearly every line is its own self-contained clause, almost every line ends with some punctuation that effects a pause. But it is this that makes Sonnet18 stand out for the rest in the book. It is much more attainable to understand and it allows for the reader to fully understand how great this beloved truly is because she may live forever in it. An important theme of the sonnet, as it is an important theme throughout much of the poetry in general, is the power of the speaker's poem to defy time and last forever. And so by doing this it is then carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future generations and eventually for al of eternity. The beloved's "eternal summer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet: "So long as men can breathe or eyes can see," (line 13) the speaker writes in the couplet, "So long lives this, and this gives life to thee."(Line 14) With this the speaker is able to accomplish what many have done in poetry and that is to give the gift of an eternal life to someone that they believe is special and outshines everyone else around them. Perhaps it is because of a physical beauty that the speaker see, but I believe that it is more because of the internal beauty as seen in line 2, "Thou art more lovely and more temperate", that the beloved is deserving to live on forever.
名诗我译（莎士比亚篇）——Sonnet 18 十四行诗 第18首
译文：真念一思 Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate; Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date; Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st; Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st; So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 我可否把你比作美丽的夏日？ 尽管你比它更加可爱，更加温婉； 粗暴的狂风无情摧残着五月的娇蕊， 夏季太过短暂，来不及约会便已匆匆离去； 苍天的明眸有时又闪耀得过于炽热， 时常遮蔽了他自身的金色容颜； 一切美好的事物都不免时常衰落， 或因偶然摧折，或因自然轮回； 而你将如永恒之夏永不褪色， 你拥有的风姿不会折损分毫， 死神也无法夸口你徘徊在他的阴影之下， 你将在这永恒的诗行中长生不老； 只要人类一息尚存，还能凝眸而视， 这首诗就将流传千古， 而你就在这不朽的诗篇中，流芳百世！ 作者简介： 威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare，1564－1616）是欧洲文艺复兴时期最重 要的作家，杰出的戏剧家和诗人，他在欧洲文学史上占有特殊的地位，被喻为“人类文学奥林匹克山上的宙斯”。 他亦跟古希腊三大悲剧家埃斯库勒斯(Aeschylus)、索福克里斯(Sophocles)及欧里庇得斯(Euripides)合称戏剧史上四大悲剧家。 作品赏评： 莎士比亚所处的英国伊莉莎白时代是爱情诗的盛世，写十四行诗更是一种时髦。莎士比亚的十四行诗无疑是那个时代的佼佼者，其十四行诗集更是流传至今，魅力不减。他的十四行诗一扫当时诗坛的矫揉造作、绮艳轻糜、空虚无力的风气。据说，莎士比亚的十四行诗是献给两个人的：前126首献给一个贵族青年，后面的献给一个黑肤女郎。这首诗是十四行诗集中的第18首，属前者。也有人说，他的十四行诗是专业的文学创作。当然，这些无关宏旨，诗歌本身是伟大的。 莎士比亚的十四行诗总体上表现了一个思想：爱征服一切。他的诗充分肯定了人的价值、赞颂了人的尊严、个人的理性作用。诗人将抽象的概念转化成具体的形象，用可感可见的物质世帆凯升界，形象生动地阐释了人文主义的命题。孙衫 诗的开头将“你”和夏天相比较。自然界的夏天正处在绿的世界中，万物繁茂地生长着，繁阴遮地，是自然界的生命最昌盛的时刻。那醉人的绿与鲜艳的花一道，将夏天打扮得五彩缤纷、艳丽动人。但是，“你”却比夏天可爱多了，比夏天还要温婉。五月的狂风会态老作践那可爱的景色，夏天的期限太短，阳光酷热地照射在繁阴班驳的大地上，那熠熠生辉的美丽不免要在时间的流动中凋残。这自然界最美的季节和“你”相比也要逊色不少。 而“你”能克服这些自然界的不足。“你”在最灿烂的季节不会凋谢，甚至“你”美的任何东西都不会有所损失。“你”是人世的永恒，“你”会让死神的黑影在遥远的地方停留，任由死神的夸口也不会死去。“你”是什么？“你”与人类同在，你在时间的长河里不朽。那人类精神的精华——诗，是你的形体吗？或者，你就是诗的精神，就是人类的灵魂。 诗歌在形式上一改传统的意大利十四行诗四四三三体，而是采用了四四四二体：在前面充分地发挥表达的层次，在充分的铺垫之后，用两句诗结束全诗，点明主题。全诗用新颖巧妙的比喻，华美而恰当的修饰使人物形象鲜明、生气鲜活。诗人用形象的表达使严谨的逻辑推理变得生动有趣、曲折跌宕，最终巧妙地得出了人文主义的结论。 （简介文字来自网络，向原作者致敬致谢！）
莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首的英文评论和赏析
莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首赏析： 1、对于船只来说，在海上迷失方向是极其危险的。但如果他们找到北极星并按它指引的方向前进，那他们就能得救。只要心中有爱，任何艰难险阻都无所畏惧。爱是恋人心中的“北极星”，有它的指引，爱之船就不会迷失方向。 2、海的汹涌澎湃和变幻莫测象征真爱道路上的艰难险阻：“it is a ever-fixed mark/that looks on tempests and is never shaken.” 它让意志薄弱的恋人迷失爱的方向，但海上的灯塔（ever-fixed mark）却是真爱的象征，只要有真爱在心中，任何困难都能克服。 扩展资料： 1609年，莎士比亚发表了《十四行诗》，这是他最后一部出版的非戏剧类著作。学者无法确认154首十四行诗每一首的完成时间，但是有证据表明莎士比亚在整个创作生涯中为一位私人读者创作这些十四行诗。 少数分析家认为出版的合集是根据莎士比亚有意设置的顺序。看起来他计划了两个相对的系列：一个是关于一位已婚皮肤黝黑女子的不可控制的欲望。 参考资料来源：百度百科-莎士比亚十四行诗
◎ 莎士比亚十四行诗第18首 ◇ 曹明伦译 18 18 我是否可以把你比喻成夏天？Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? 虽然你比夏天更可爱更温和：Thou art more lovely and more temperate: 狂风会使五月娇蕾红消香断，Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, 夏天拥有的时日也转瞬即过；And summer's lease hath all too short a date: 有时天空之巨眼目光太炽热，Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, 它金灿灿的面色也常被遮暗；And often is his gold complexion dimmed, 而千芳万艳都终将凋零飘落，And every fair from fair sometime declines, 被时运天道之更替剥尽红颜；By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed: 但你永恒的夏天将没有止尽，But thy eternal summer shall not fade, 你所拥有的美貌也不会消失，Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st, 死神终难夸口你游荡于死荫，Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade, 当你在不朽的诗中永葆盛时；When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st, 只要有人类生存，或人有眼睛，So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, 我的诗就会流传并赋予你生命。So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 注：第11行语出《旧约•诗篇》第23篇第4节：“虽然我穿行于死荫之幽谷，但我不怕罹祸，因为你与我同在……” 英文赏析：This is one of the most famous of all the sonnets, justifiably so. But it would be a mistake to take it entirely in isolation, for it links in with so many of the other sonnets through the themes of the descriptive power of verse; the ability of the poet to depict the fair youth adequately, or not; and the immortality conveyed through being hymned in these 'eternal lines'. It is noticeable that here the poet is full of confidence that his verse will live as long as there are people drawing breath upon the earth, whereas later he apologises for his poor wit and his humble lines which are inadequate to encompass all the youth's excellence. Now, perhaps in the early days of his love, there is no such self-doubt and the eternal summer of the youth is preserved forever in the poet's lines. The poem also works at a rather curious level of achieving its objective through dispraise. The summer's day is found to be lacking in so many respects (too short, too hot, too rough, sometimes too dingy), but curiously enough one is left with the abiding impression that 'the lovely boy' is in fact like a summer's day at its best, fair, warm, sunny, temperate, one of the darling buds of May, and that all his beauty has been wonderfully highlighted by the comparison。这是整体赏析1. Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?This is taken usually to mean 'What if I were to compare thee etc?' The stock comparisons of the loved one to all the beauteous things in nature hover in the background throughout. One also remembers Wordsworth's lines:We'll talk of sunshine and of song,And summer days when we were young,Sweet childish days which were as longAs twenty days are now.Such reminiscences are indeed anachronistic, but with the recurrence of words such as 'summer', 'days', 'song', 'sweet', it is not difficult to see the permeating influence of the Sonnets on Wordsworth's verse.2. Thou art more lovely and more temperate:The youth's beauty is more perfect than the beauty of a summer day. more temperate - more gentle, more restrained, whereas the summer's day might have violent excesses in store, such as are about to be described.3. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,May was a summer month in Shakespeare's time, because the calendar in use lagged behind the true sidereal calendar by at least a fortnight.darling buds of May - the beautiful, much loved buds of the early summer; favourite flowers.4. And summer's lease hath all too short a date:Legal terminology. The summer holds a lease on part of the year, but the lease is too short, and has an early termination (date). 5. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,Sometime = on occasion, sometimes;the eye of heaven = the sun.6. And often is his gold complexion dimmed,his gold complexion = his (the sun's) golden face. It would be dimmed by clouds and on overcast days generally.7. And every fair from fair sometime declines,All beautiful things (every fair) occasionally become inferior in comparison with their essential previous state of beauty (from fair). They all decline from perfection.8. By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:By chance accidents, or by the fluctuating tides of nature, which are not subject to control, nature's changing course untrimmed.untrimmed - this can refer to the ballast (trimming) on a ship which keeps it stable; or to a lack of ornament and decoration. The greater difficulty however is to decide which noun this adjectival participle should modify. Does it refer to nature, or chance, or every fair in the line above, or to the effect of nature's changing course? KDJ adds a comma after course, which probably has the effect of directing the word towards all possible antecedents. She points out that nature's changing course could refer to women's monthly courses, or menstruation, in which case every fair in the previous line would refer to every fair woman, with the implication that the youth is free of this cyclical curse, and is therefore more perfect.9. But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Referring forwards to the eternity promised by the ever living poet in the next few lines, through his verse.10. Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,Nor shall it (your eternal summer) lose its hold on that beauty which you so richly possess. ow'st = ownest, possess.By metonymy we understand 'nor shall you lose any of your beauty'.11. Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,Several half echoes here. The biblical ones are probably 'Oh death where is thy sting? Or grave thy victory?' implying that death normally boasts of his conquests over life. And Psalms 23.3.: 'Yea though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death I will fear no evil ' In classical literature the shades flitted helplessly in the underworld like gibbering ghosts. Shakespeare would have been familiar with this through Virgil's account of Aeneas' descent into the underworld in Aeneid Bk. VI.12. When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,in eternal lines = in the undying lines of my verse. Perhaps with a reference to progeny, and lines of descent, but it seems that the procreation theme has already been abandoned.to time thou grow'st - you keep pace with time, you grow as time grows.13. So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,For as long as humans live and breathe upon the earth, for as long as there are seeing eyes on the eart.14. So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.That is how long these verses will live, celebrating you, and continually renewing your life. But one is left with a slight residual feeling that perhaps the youth's beauty will last no longer than a summer's day, despite the poet's proud boast.这是逐句赏析中文版：以莎氏十四行诗第18首为例，以往从未有人指出过它的缺点，但笔者根据教学实践得来的体会，认为它至少有两大缺点，一是在音韵方面，其韵脚、头韵和韵格均不同程度的破坏了诗歌的音美和形美；二是某些比喻和描述的平淡或离奇破坏了诗歌的意美。 一、音韵参差，破坏了音美和形美 全诗的基本格律是五音步抑扬格（iambic pentameter），包括三个四行组（quatrain）和一个对偶句(couplet)，采用典型的莎氏十四行的韵式，即abab cdcd efef gg。但本诗音韵并不十分齐整。在韵脚（end rhyme）方面，第二行的temperate与第四行的date押韵，但两个词的重音位置却不同，这一韵就既非阳韵（masculine rhyme）也非阴韵（feminine rhyme），显得不伦不类，与其它严整的韵对比，这一韵念起来令人颇感突兀，破坏了诗歌的音韵美。头韵（alliteration）方面，第六和第七行都以And 起头，形成头韵，但这两个并列的简单陈述句从意义上看，造成了语意在同一水平上徘徊而不是递进，而且用相同的And起头使两句不仅在语意也在形式上显得拖沓而无变化，破坏了诗歌的音韵美和形式美。韵格(meter)方面，五音步抑扬格的诗歌是常有破格的，特别是在诗歌首行的第一个音步，经常是前重音后轻音。适当的破格可使诗歌免于呆板，增加变化，使音韵更显其美。但过多的破格就会打乱诗歌的格式，使其音律显得零碎，给诗歌带来负面影响，本诗即是如此。第一行“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”中的“thee to”是无法按轻重音的顺序来念的，第二行“Thou art more lovely and more temperate”中的两个more是强调，要念重音，因此这一行的韵格就不是抑扬格了。第六行“And often is his gold complexion dimm’d”中前两个音步的轻重音位置是模糊的。第十行“Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest”中的第一个音步可以看作是破格，第十一行“Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade”中的“Nor shall Death brag”重音和轻音顺序应是“重轻重重”，也不是抑扬格。可见，本诗因为破格过多，格律形式有点混乱，诗歌齐整的音韵美受到了损害。实际上，学生也经常反映这首诗歌读起来有些地方很拗口，主要就是因为韵律破格太多所致。 二、比喻和描述有时平淡或离奇，破坏意美 诗歌之美，不仅体现在音美和形美上，而且还有语意层面的美。通过语法、词汇或使用比喻等，可以建构诗歌的意美。本诗中有美丽的语言，如“darling buds of May”（五月的嫩蕊）、“eternal summer”（长夏）、“thou wander’st in his shade”（在他的暗影里蹉跎），但也有平常的比喻和描述，如诗中将“你”比喻为“夏季”，把太阳比成“天上的眼睛”，有“金色的面容”，这当然不是平淡的描述，但至少也不是新鲜的。而说死神能“夸口”，这种拟人的手法多少有些平淡了。诗中又说夏天有“租期”，租期又“太短”，则令人感到有些陌生，难有美感了。时光匆匆是人人皆知的常识，诗中用复杂的表述来说明浅显的道理，很难令人感到亲切，这样的比喻并未达到增强表现力的效果。这种将简单复杂化从而使人产生隔膜的例子还有“nature’s changing course untrimm’d ”以及“that fair thou owest”。而“And every fair from fair”则让一般读者感到很抽象，难以理解。“So long as men can breathe or eyes can see”也是一句很平常的散文句。以上所述，是莎氏十四行诗第18首在诗艺上的缺陷。当然诗中古雅的用词和句法也会给普通读者带来阅读上的不适，但这是古今语言演变造成的隔膜，并非诗歌本身的原因，正如其多个汉译文，现在看起来也有时代距离感一样。莎士比亚十四行诗第18首是一首经典诗歌，其美妙自不待言，但是从另一个角度检视和观察，认识其缺点和不足，以避免盲目吹捧和过度美化，应该是对待文学经典的更全面因而是更可取的方法。 PS:都是非原创，是我在各个论坛，空间里找的。但是希望可以啊帮到你~~~~~~~·
◎ 莎士比亚十四行诗第18首 ◇ 曹明伦译 18 18 我是否可以把你比喻成夏天？Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? 虽然你比夏天更可爱更温和：Thou art more lovely and more temperate: 狂风会使五月娇蕾红消香断，Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, 夏天拥有的时日也转瞬即过；And summer's lease hath all too short a date: 有时天空之巨眼目光太炽热，Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, 它金灿灿的面色也常被遮暗；And often is his gold complexion dimmed, 而千芳万艳都终将凋零飘落，And every fair from fair sometime declines, 被时运天道之更替剥尽红颜；By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed: 但你永恒的夏天将没有止尽，But thy eternal summer shall not fade, 你所拥有的美貌也不会消失，Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st, 死神终难夸口你游荡于死荫，Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade, 当你在不朽的诗中永葆盛时；When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st, 只要有人类生存，或人有眼睛，So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, 我的诗就会流传并赋予你生命。So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 注：第11行语出《旧约•诗篇》第23篇第4节：“虽然我穿行于死荫之幽谷，但我不怕罹祸，因为你与我同在……” 英文赏析：This is one of the most famous of all the sonnets, justifiably so. But it would be a mistake to take it entirely in isolation, for it links in with so many of the other sonnets through the themes of the descriptive power of verse; the ability of the poet to depict the fair youth adequately, or not; and the immortality conveyed through being hymned in these 'eternal lines'. It is noticeable that here the poet is full of confidence that his verse will live as long as there are people drawing breath upon the earth, whereas later he apologises for his poor wit and his humble lines which are inadequate to encompass all the youth's excellence. Now, perhaps in the early days of his love, there is no such self-doubt and the eternal summer of the youth is preserved forever in the poet's lines. The poem also works at a rather curious level of achieving its objective through dispraise. The summer's day is found to be lacking in so many respects (too short, too hot, too rough, sometimes too dingy), but curiously enough one is left with the abiding impression that 'the lovely boy' is in fact like a summer's day at its best, fair, warm, sunny, temperate, one of the darling buds of May, and that all his beauty has been wonderfully highlighted by the comparison。这是整体赏析1. Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?This is taken usually to mean 'What if I were to compare thee etc?' The stock comparisons of the loved one to all the beauteous things in nature hover in the background throughout. One also remembers Wordsworth's lines:We'll talk of sunshine and of song,And summer days when we were young,Sweet childish days which were as longAs twenty days are now.Such reminiscences are indeed anachronistic, but with the recurrence of words such as 'summer', 'days', 'song', 'sweet', it is not difficult to see the permeating influence of the Sonnets on Wordsworth's verse.2. Thou art more lovely and more temperate:The youth's beauty is more perfect than the beauty of a summer day. more temperate - more gentle, more restrained, whereas the summer's day might have violent excesses in store, such as are about to be described.3. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,May was a summer month in Shakespeare's time, because the calendar in use lagged behind the true sidereal calendar by at least a fortnight.darling buds of May - the beautiful, much loved buds of the early summer; favourite flowers.4. And summer's lease hath all too short a date:Legal terminology. The summer holds a lease on part of the year, but the lease is too short, and has an early termination (date). 5. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,Sometime = on occasion, sometimes;the eye of heaven = the sun.6. And often is his gold complexion dimmed,his gold complexion = his (the sun's) golden face. It would be dimmed by clouds and on overcast days generally.7. And every fair from fair sometime declines,All beautiful things (every fair) occasionally become inferior in comparison with their essential previous state of beauty (from fair). They all decline from perfection.8. By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:By chance accidents, or by the fluctuating tides of nature, which are not subject to control, nature's changing course untrimmed.untrimmed - this can refer to the ballast (trimming) on a ship which keeps it stable; or to a lack of ornament and decoration. The greater difficulty however is to decide which noun this adjectival participle should modify. Does it refer to nature, or chance, or every fair in the line above, or to the effect of nature's changing course? KDJ adds a comma after course, which probably has the effect of directing the word towards all possible antecedents. She points out that nature's changing course could refer to women's monthly courses, or menstruation, in which case every fair in the previous line would refer to every fair woman, with the implication that the youth is free of this cyclical curse, and is therefore more perfect.9. But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Referring forwards to the eternity promised by the ever living poet in the next few lines, through his verse.10. Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,Nor shall it (your eternal summer) lose its hold on that beauty which you so richly possess. ow'st = ownest, possess.By metonymy we understand 'nor shall you lose any of your beauty'.11. Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,Several half echoes here. The biblical ones are probably 'Oh death where is thy sting? Or grave thy victory?' implying that death normally boasts of his conquests over life. And Psalms 23.3.: 'Yea though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death I will fear no evil ' In classical literature the shades flitted helplessly in the underworld like gibbering ghosts. Shakespeare would have been familiar with this through Virgil's account of Aeneas' descent into the underworld in Aeneid Bk. VI.12. When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,in eternal lines = in the undying lines of my verse. Perhaps with a reference to progeny, and lines of descent, but it seems that the procreation theme has already been abandoned.to time thou grow'st - you keep pace with time, you grow as time grows.13. So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,For as long as humans live and breathe upon the earth, for as long as there are seeing eyes on the eart.14. So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.That is how long these verses will live, celebrating you, and continually renewing your life. But one is left with a slight residual feeling that perhaps the youth's beauty will last no longer than a summer's day, despite the poet's proud boast.这是逐句赏析中文版：以莎氏十四行诗第18首为例，以往从未有人指出过它的缺点，但笔者根据教学实践得来的体会，认为它至少有两大缺点，一是在音韵方面，其韵脚、头韵和韵格均不同程度的破坏了诗歌的音美和形美；二是某些比喻和描述的平淡或离奇破坏了诗歌的意美。 一、音韵参差，破坏了音美和形美 全诗的基本格律是五音步抑扬格（iambic pentameter），包括三个四行组（quatrain）和一个对偶句(couplet)，采用典型的莎氏十四行的韵式，即abab cdcd efef gg。但本诗音韵并不十分齐整。在韵脚（end rhyme）方面，第二行的temperate与第四行的date押韵，但两个词的重音位置却不同，这一韵就既非阳韵（masculine rhyme）也非阴韵（feminine rhyme），显得不伦不类，与其它严整的韵对比，这一韵念起来令人颇感突兀，破坏了诗歌的音韵美。头韵（alliteration）方面，第六和第七行都以And 起头，形成头韵，但这两个并列的简单陈述句从意义上看，造成了语意在同一水平上徘徊而不是递进，而且用相同的And起头使两句不仅在语意也在形式上显得拖沓而无变化，破坏了诗歌的音韵美和形式美。韵格(meter)方面，五音步抑扬格的诗歌是常有破格的，特别是在诗歌首行的第一个音步，经常是前重音后轻音。适当的破格可使诗歌免于呆板，增加变化，使音韵更显其美。但过多的破格就会打乱诗歌的格式，使其音律显得零碎，给诗歌带来负面影响，本诗即是如此。第一行“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”中的“thee to”是无法按轻重音的顺序来念的，第二行“Thou art more lovely and more temperate”中的两个more是强调，要念重音，因此这一行的韵格就不是抑扬格了。第六行“And often is his gold complexion dimm’d”中前两个音步的轻重音位置是模糊的。第十行“Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest”中的第一个音步可以看作是破格，第十一行“Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade”中的“Nor shall Death brag”重音和轻音顺序应是“重轻重重”，也不是抑扬格。可见，本诗因为破格过多，格律形式有点混乱，诗歌齐整的音韵美受到了损害。实际上，学生也经常反映这首诗歌读起来有些地方很拗口，主要就是因为韵律破格太多所致。 二、比喻和描述有时平淡或离奇，破坏意美 诗歌之美，不仅体现在音美和形美上，而且还有语意层面的美。通过语法、词汇或使用比喻等，可以建构诗歌的意美。本诗中有美丽的语言，如“darling buds of May”（五月的嫩蕊）、“eternal summer”（长夏）、“thou wander’st in his shade”（在他的暗影里蹉跎），但也有平常的比喻和描述，如诗中将“你”比喻为“夏季”，把太阳比成“天上的眼睛”，有“金色的面容”，这当然不是平淡的描述，但至少也不是新鲜的。而说死神能“夸口”，这种拟人的手法多少有些平淡了。诗中又说夏天有“租期”，租期又“太短”，则令人感到有些陌生，难有美感了。时光匆匆是人人皆知的常识，诗中用复杂的表述来说明浅显的道理，很难令人感到亲切，这样的比喻并未达到增强表现力的效果。这种将简单复杂化从而使人产生隔膜的例子还有“nature’s changing course untrimm’d ”以及“that fair thou owest”。而“And every fair from fair”则让一般读者感到很抽象，难以理解。“So long as men can breathe or eyes can see”也是一句很平常的散文句。以上所述，是莎氏十四行诗第18首在诗艺上的缺陷。当然诗中古雅的用词和句法也会给普通读者带来阅读上的不适，但这是古今语言演变造成的隔膜，并非诗歌本身的原因，正如其多个汉译文，现在看起来也有时代距离感一样。莎士比亚十四行诗第18首是一首经典诗歌，其美妙自不待言，但是从另一个角度检视和观察，认识其缺点和不足，以避免盲目吹捧和过度美化，应该是对待文学经典的更全面因而是更可取的方法。 亲，采纳吧~
This is one of the best-known and frequently quoted of Shakepeare's sonnets.It is an exemplary English sonnet,of which the first eight lines concern with the short-lived natural beauty and the last six lines are about the eternity of the beauty of"you"―the addressee of the sonnet.Through making a sharp contrast between the mutability of nature and the perpetual beauty of"you",the poet actually undertakes a deep meditation on change and time.Facing the anxiety resulted from the mutability of nature and transience of life,the poet however with an optimistic tone eulogizes the immortality of poetry and art in the end,through which the spiritual eternity of man's existence can be fulfilled.
朗读者多处读音有误！
◎ 莎士比亚十四行诗第18首 ◇ 曹明伦译 18 18 我是否可以把你比喻成夏天？Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? 虽然你比夏天更可爱更温和：Thou art more lovely and more temperate: 狂风会使五月娇蕾红消香断，Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, 夏天拥有的时日也转瞬即过；And summer's lease hath all too short a date: 有时天空之巨眼目光太炽热，Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, 它金灿灿的面色也常被遮暗；And often is his gold complexion dimmed, 而千芳万艳都终将凋零飘落，And every fair from fair sometime declines, 被时运天道之更替剥尽红颜；By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed: 但你永恒的夏天将没有止尽，But thy eternal summer shall not fade, 你所拥有的美貌也不会消失，Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st, 死神终难夸口你游荡于死荫，Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade, 当你在不朽的诗中永葆盛时；When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st, 只要有人类生存，或人有眼睛，So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, 我的诗就会流传并赋予你生命。So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 注：第11行语出《旧约•诗篇》第23篇第4节：“虽然我穿行于死荫之幽谷，但我不怕罹祸，因为你与我同在……” 英文赏析：This is one of the most famous of all the sonnets, justifiably so. But it would be a mistake to take it entirely in isolation, for it links in with so many of the other sonnets through the themes of the descriptive power of verse; the ability of the poet to depict the fair youth adequately, or not; and the immortality conveyed through being hymned in these 'eternal lines'. It is noticeable that here the poet is full of confidence that his verse will live as long as there are people drawing breath upon the earth, whereas later he apologises for his poor wit and his humble lines which are inadequate to encompass all the youth's excellence. Now, perhaps in the early days of his love, there is no such self-doubt and the eternal summer of the youth is preserved forever in the poet's lines. The poem also works at a rather curious level of achieving its objective through dispraise. The summer's day is found to be lacking in so many respects (too short, too hot, too rough, sometimes too dingy), but curiously enough one is left with the abiding impression that 'the lovely boy' is in fact like a summer's day at its best, fair, warm, sunny, temperate, one of the darling buds of May, and that all his beauty has been wonderfully highlighted by the comparison。这是整体赏析1. Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?This is taken usually to mean 'What if I were to compare thee etc?' The stock comparisons of the loved one to all the beauteous things in nature hover in the background throughout. One also remembers Wordsworth's lines:We'll talk of sunshine and of song,And summer days when we were young,Sweet childish days which were as longAs twenty days are now.Such reminiscences are indeed anachronistic, but with the recurrence of words such as 'summer', 'days', 'song', 'sweet', it is not difficult to see the permeating influence of the Sonnets on Wordsworth's verse.2. Thou art more lovely and more temperate:The youth's beauty is more perfect than the beauty of a summer day. more temperate - more gentle, more restrained, whereas the summer's day might have violent excesses in store, such as are about to be described.3. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,May was a summer month in Shakespeare's time, because the calendar in use lagged behind the true sidereal calendar by at least a fortnight.darling buds of May - the beautiful, much loved buds of the early summer; favourite flowers.4. And summer's lease hath all too short a date:Legal terminology. The summer holds a lease on part of the year, but the lease is too short, and has an early termination (date). 5. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,Sometime = on occasion, sometimes;the eye of heaven = the sun.6. And often is his gold complexion dimmed,his gold complexion = his (the sun's) golden face. It would be dimmed by clouds and on overcast days generally.7. And every fair from fair sometime declines,All beautiful things (every fair) occasionally become inferior in comparison with their essential previous state of beauty (from fair). They all decline from perfection.8. By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:By chance accidents, or by the fluctuating tides of nature, which are not subject to control, nature's changing course untrimmed.untrimmed - this can refer to the ballast (trimming) on a ship which keeps it stable; or to a lack of ornament and decoration. The greater difficulty however is to decide which noun this adjectival participle should modify. Does it refer to nature, or chance, or every fair in the line above, or to the effect of nature's changing course? KDJ adds a comma after course, which probably has the effect of directing the word towards all possible antecedents. She points out that nature's changing course could refer to women's monthly courses, or menstruation, in which case every fair in the previous line would refer to every fair woman, with the implication that the youth is free of this cyclical curse, and is therefore more perfect.9. But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Referring forwards to the eternity promised by the ever living poet in the next few lines, through his verse.10. Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,Nor shall it (your eternal summer) lose its hold on that beauty which you so richly possess. ow'st = ownest, possess.By metonymy we understand 'nor shall you lose any of your beauty'.11. Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,Several half echoes here. The biblical ones are probably 'Oh death where is thy sting? Or grave thy victory?' implying that death normally boasts of his conquests over life. And Psalms 23.3.: 'Yea though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death I will fear no evil ' In classical literature the shades flitted helplessly in the underworld like gibbering ghosts. Shakespeare would have been familiar with this through Virgil's account of Aeneas' descent into the underworld in Aeneid Bk. VI.12. When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,in eternal lines = in the undying lines of my verse. Perhaps with a reference to progeny, and lines of descent, but it seems that the procreation theme has already been abandoned.to time thou grow'st - you keep pace with time, you grow as time grows.13. So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,For as long as humans live and breathe upon the earth, for as long as there are seeing eyes on the eart.14. So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.That is how long these verses will live, celebrating you, and continually renewing your life. But one is left with a slight residual feeling that perhaps the youth's beauty will last no longer than a summer's day, despite the poet's proud boast.这是逐句赏析中文版：以莎氏十四行诗第18首为例，以往从未有人指出过它的缺点，但笔者根据教学实践得来的体会，认为它至少有两大缺点，一是在音韵方面，其韵脚、头韵和韵格均不同程度的破坏了诗歌的音美和形美；二是某些比喻和描述的平淡或离奇破坏了诗歌的意美。 一、音韵参差，破坏了音美和形美 全诗的基本格律是五音步抑扬格（iambic pentameter），包括三个四行组（quatrain）和一个对偶句(couplet)，采用典型的莎氏十四行的韵式，即abab cdcd efef gg。但本诗音韵并不十分齐整。在韵脚（end rhyme）方面，第二行的temperate与第四行的date押韵，但两个词的重音位置却不同，这一韵就既非阳韵（masculine rhyme）也非阴韵（feminine rhyme），显得不伦不类，与其它严整的韵对比，这一韵念起来令人颇感突兀，破坏了诗歌的音韵美。头韵（alliteration）方面，第六和第七行都以And 起头，形成头韵，但这两个并列的简单陈述句从意义上看，造成了语意在同一水平上徘徊而不是递进，而且用相同的And起头使两句不仅在语意也在形式上显得拖沓而无变化，破坏了诗歌的音韵美和形式美。韵格(meter)方面，五音步抑扬格的诗歌是常有破格的，特别是在诗歌首行的第一个音步，经常是前重音后轻音。适当的破格可使诗歌免于呆板，增加变化，使音韵更显其美。但过多的破格就会打乱诗歌的格式，使其音律显得零碎，给诗歌带来负面影响，本诗即是如此。第一行“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”中的“thee to”是无法按轻重音的顺序来念的，第二行“Thou art more lovely and more temperate”中的两个more是强调，要念重音，因此这一行的韵格就不是抑扬格了。第六行“And often is his gold complexion dimm’d”中前两个音步的轻重音位置是模糊的。第十行“Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest”中的第一个音步可以看作是破格，第十一行“Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade”中的“Nor shall Death brag”重音和轻音顺序应是“重轻重重”，也不是抑扬格。可见，本诗因为破格过多，格律形式有点混乱，诗歌齐整的音韵美受到了损害。实际上，学生也经常反映这首诗歌读起来有些地方很拗口，主要就是因为韵律破格太多所致。 二、比喻和描述有时平淡或离奇，破坏意美 诗歌之美，不仅体现在音美和形美上，而且还有语意层面的美。通过语法、词汇或使用比喻等，可以建构诗歌的意美。本诗中有美丽的语言，如“darling buds of May”（五月的嫩蕊）、“eternal summer”（长夏）、“thou wander’st in his shade”（在他的暗影里蹉跎），但也有平常的比喻和描述，如诗中将“你”比喻为“夏季”，把太阳比成“天上的眼睛”，有“金色的面容”，这当然不是平淡的描述，但至少也不是新鲜的。而说死神能“夸口”，这种拟人的手法多少有些平淡了。诗中又说夏天有“租期”，租期又“太短”，则令人感到有些陌生，难有美感了。时光匆匆是人人皆知的常识，诗中用复杂的表述来说明浅显的道理，很难令人感到亲切，这样的比喻并未达到增强表现力的效果。这种将简单复杂化从而使人产生隔膜的例子还有“nature’s changing course untrimm’d ”以及“that fair thou owest”。而“And every fair from fair”则让一般读者感到很抽象，难以理解。“So long as men can breathe or eyes can see”也是一句很平常的散文句。以上所述，是莎氏十四行诗第18首在诗艺上的缺陷。当然诗中古雅的用词和句法也会给普通读者带来阅读上的不适，但这是古今语言演变造成的隔膜，并非诗歌本身的原因，正如其多个汉译文，现在看起来也有时代距离感一样。莎士比亚十四行诗第18首是一首经典诗歌，其美妙自不待言，但是从另一个角度检视和观察，认识其缺点和不足，以避免盲目吹捧和过度美化，应该是对待文学经典的更全面因而是更可取的方法。 PS:都是非原创，是我在各个论坛，空间里找的。但是希望可以啊帮到你~~~~~~~·
◎ 莎士比亚十四行诗第18首 ◇ 曹明伦译 18 18 我是否可以把你比喻成夏天？Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? 虽然你比夏天更可爱更温和：Thou art more lovely and more temperate: 狂风会使五月娇蕾红消香断，Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, 夏天拥有的时日也转瞬即过；And summer's lease hath all too short a date: 有时天空之巨眼目光太炽热，Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, 它金灿灿的面色也常被遮暗；And often is his gold complexion dimmed, 而千芳万艳都终将凋零飘落，And every fair from fair sometime declines, 被时运天道之更替剥尽红颜；By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed: 但你永恒的夏天将没有止尽，But thy eternal summer shall not fade, 你所拥有的美貌也不会消失，Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st, 死神终难夸口你游荡于死荫，Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade, 当你在不朽的诗中永葆盛时；When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st, 只要有人类生存，或人有眼睛，So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, 我的诗就会流传并赋予你生命。So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 注：第11行语出《旧约•诗篇》第23篇第4节：“虽然我穿行于死荫之幽谷，但我不怕罹祸，因为你与我同在……” 英文赏析：This is one of the most famous of all the sonnets, justifiably so. But it would be a mistake to take it entirely in isolation, for it links in with so many of the other sonnets through the themes of the descriptive power of verse; the ability of the poet to depict the fair youth adequately, or not; and the immortality conveyed through being hymned in these 'eternal lines'. It is noticeable that here the poet is full of confidence that his verse will live as long as there are people drawing breath upon the earth, whereas later he apologises for his poor wit and his humble lines which are inadequate to encompass all the youth's excellence. Now, perhaps in the early days of his love, there is no such self-doubt and the eternal summer of the youth is preserved forever in the poet's lines. The poem also works at a rather curious level of achieving its objective through dispraise. The summer's day is found to be lacking in so many respects (too short, too hot, too rough, sometimes too dingy), but curiously enough one is left with the abiding impression that 'the lovely boy' is in fact like a summer's day at its best, fair, warm, sunny, temperate, one of the darling buds of May, and that all his beauty has been wonderfully highlighted by the comparison。这是整体赏析1. Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?This is taken usually to mean 'What if I were to compare thee etc?' The stock comparisons of the loved one to all the beauteous things in nature hover in the background throughout. One also remembers Wordsworth's lines:We'll talk of sunshine and of song,And summer days when we were young,Sweet childish days which were as longAs twenty days are now.Such reminiscences are indeed anachronistic, but with the recurrence of words such as 'summer', 'days', 'song', 'sweet', it is not difficult to see the permeating influence of the Sonnets on Wordsworth's verse.2. Thou art more lovely and more temperate:The youth's beauty is more perfect than the beauty of a summer day. more temperate - more gentle, more restrained, whereas the summer's day might have violent excesses in store, such as are about to be described.3. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,May was a summer month in Shakespeare's time, because the calendar in use lagged behind the true sidereal calendar by at least a fortnight.darling buds of May - the beautiful, much loved buds of the early summer; favourite flowers.4. And summer's lease hath all too short a date:Legal terminology. The summer holds a lease on part of the year, but the lease is too short, and has an early termination (date). 5. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,Sometime = on occasion, sometimes;the eye of heaven = the sun.6. And often is his gold complexion dimmed,his gold complexion = his (the sun's) golden face. It would be dimmed by clouds and on overcast days generally.7. And every fair from fair sometime declines,All beautiful things (every fair) occasionally become inferior in comparison with their essential previous state of beauty (from fair). They all decline from perfection.8. By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:By chance accidents, or by the fluctuating tides of nature, which are not subject to control, nature's changing course untrimmed.untrimmed - this can refer to the ballast (trimming) on a ship which keeps it stable; or to a lack of ornament and decoration. The greater difficulty however is to decide which noun this adjectival participle should modify. Does it refer to nature, or chance, or every fair in the line above, or to the effect of nature's changing course? KDJ adds a comma after course, which probably has the effect of directing the word towards all possible antecedents. She points out that nature's changing course could refer to women's monthly courses, or menstruation, in which case every fair in the previous line would refer to every fair woman, with the implication that the youth is free of this cyclical curse, and is therefore more perfect.9. But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Referring forwards to the eternity promised by the ever living poet in the next few lines, through his verse.10. Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,Nor shall it (your eternal summer) lose its hold on that beauty which you so richly possess. ow'st = ownest, possess.By metonymy we understand 'nor shall you lose any of your beauty'.11. Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,Several half echoes here. The biblical ones are probably 'Oh death where is thy sting? Or grave thy victory?' implying that death normally boasts of his conquests over life. And Psalms 23.3.: 'Yea though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death I will fear no evil ' In classical literature the shades flitted helplessly in the underworld like gibbering ghosts. Shakespeare would have been familiar with this through Virgil's account of Aeneas' descent into the underworld in Aeneid Bk. VI.12. When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,in eternal lines = in the undying lines of my verse. Perhaps with a reference to progeny, and lines of descent, but it seems that the procreation theme has already been abandoned.to time thou grow'st - you keep pace with time, you grow as time grows.13. So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,For as long as humans live and breathe upon the earth, for as long as there are seeing eyes on the eart.14. So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.That is how long these verses will live, celebrating you, and continually renewing your life. But one is left with a slight residual feeling that perhaps the youth's beauty will last no longer than a summer's day, despite the poet's proud boast.这是逐句赏析中文版：以莎氏十四行诗第18首为例，以往从未有人指出过它的缺点，但笔者根据教学实践得来的体会，认为它至少有两大缺点，一是在音韵方面，其韵脚、头韵和韵格均不同程度的破坏了诗歌的音美和形美；二是某些比喻和描述的平淡或离奇破坏了诗歌的意美。 一、音韵参差，破坏了音美和形美 全诗的基本格律是五音步抑扬格（iambic pentameter），包括三个四行组（quatrain）和一个对偶句(couplet)，采用典型的莎氏十四行的韵式，即abab cdcd efef gg。但本诗音韵并不十分齐整。在韵脚（end rhyme）方面，第二行的temperate与第四行的date押韵，但两个词的重音位置却不同，这一韵就既非阳韵（masculine rhyme）也非阴韵（feminine rhyme），显得不伦不类，与其它严整的韵对比，这一韵念起来令人颇感突兀，破坏了诗歌的音韵美。头韵（alliteration）方面，第六和第七行都以And 起头，形成头韵，但这两个并列的简单陈述句从意义上看，造成了语意在同一水平上徘徊而不是递进，而且用相同的And起头使两句不仅在语意也在形式上显得拖沓而无变化，破坏了诗歌的音韵美和形式美。韵格(meter)方面，五音步抑扬格的诗歌是常有破格的，特别是在诗歌首行的第一个音步，经常是前重音后轻音。适当的破格可使诗歌免于呆板，增加变化，使音韵更显其美。但过多的破格就会打乱诗歌的格式，使其音律显得零碎，给诗歌带来负面影响，本诗即是如此。第一行“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”中的“thee to”是无法按轻重音的顺序来念的，第二行“Thou art more lovely and more temperate”中的两个more是强调，要念重音，因此这一行的韵格就不是抑扬格了。第六行“And often is his gold complexion dimm’d”中前两个音步的轻重音位置是模糊的。第十行“Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest”中的第一个音步可以看作是破格，第十一行“Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade”中的“Nor shall Death brag”重音和轻音顺序应是“重轻重重”，也不是抑扬格。可见，本诗因为破格过多，格律形式有点混乱，诗歌齐整的音韵美受到了损害。实际上，学生也经常反映这首诗歌读起来有些地方很拗口，主要就是因为韵律破格太多所致。 二、比喻和描述有时平淡或离奇，破坏意美 诗歌之美，不仅体现在音美和形美上，而且还有语意层面的美。通过语法、词汇或使用比喻等，可以建构诗歌的意美。本诗中有美丽的语言，如“darling buds of May”（五月的嫩蕊）、“eternal summer”（长夏）、“thou wander’st in his shade”（在他的暗影里蹉跎），但也有平常的比喻和描述，如诗中将“你”比喻为“夏季”，把太阳比成“天上的眼睛”，有“金色的面容”，这当然不是平淡的描述，但至少也不是新鲜的。而说死神能“夸口”，这种拟人的手法多少有些平淡了。诗中又说夏天有“租期”，租期又“太短”，则令人感到有些陌生，难有美感了。时光匆匆是人人皆知的常识，诗中用复杂的表述来说明浅显的道理，很难令人感到亲切，这样的比喻并未达到增强表现力的效果。这种将简单复杂化从而使人产生隔膜的例子还有“nature’s changing course untrimm’d ”以及“that fair thou owest”。而“And every fair from fair”则让一般读者感到很抽象，难以理解。“So long as men can breathe or eyes can see”也是一句很平常的散文句。以上所述，是莎氏十四行诗第18首在诗艺上的缺陷。当然诗中古雅的用词和句法也会给普通读者带来阅读上的不适，但这是古今语言演变造成的隔膜，并非诗歌本身的原因，正如其多个汉译文，现在看起来也有时代距离感一样。莎士比亚十四行诗第18首是一首经典诗歌，其美妙自不待言，但是从另一个角度检视和观察，认识其缺点和不足，以避免盲目吹捧和过度美化，应该是对待文学经典的更全面因而是更可取的方法。 亲，采纳吧~
This is one of the best-known and frequently quoted of Shakepeare's sonnets.It is an exemplary English sonnet,of which the first eight lines concern with the short-lived natural beauty and the last six lines are about the eternity of the beauty of"you"―the addressee of the sonnet.Through making a sharp contrast between the mutability of nature and the perpetual beauty of"you",the poet actually undertakes a deep meditation on change and time.Facing the anxiety resulted from the mutability of nature and transience of life,the poet however with an optimistic tone eulogizes the immortality of poetry and art in the end,through which the spiritual eternity of man's existence can be fulfilled.
朗读者多处读音有误！
莎士比亚十四行诗18翻译
《sonnet 18》翻译： Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? 或许我可用夏日把你来比方？ Thou art more lovely and more temperate. 但你比夏日更可爱也更温良。 Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, 夏风狂作常摧落五月的娇蕊， And summer's lease hath all too short a date. 夏季的期限也未免还不太长。 Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, 有时天眼如炬人间酷热难当， And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; 但转瞬金面如晦，云遮雾障。 And every fair from fair sometimes declines, 每一种美都终究会凋残零落， By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed. 难免见弃于机缘与天道无常。 But thy eternal summer shall not fade, 但你永恒的夏季却不会消亡， Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st; 你优美的形象也永不会消亡。 Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, 死神难夸口说你深陷其罗网， When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st. 只因你借我诗行可长寿无疆。 So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, 只要人眼能看，人口能呼吸， So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 我诗必长存，使你万世流芳。 扩展资料： 该诗出自《莎士比亚十四行诗》，这本诗集收录了莎士比亚的十四行诗共154首，本诗是第十八首，也是较为著名的一首。莎士比亚十四行诗大约创作于1590年至1598年之间，此时正是十六世纪欧洲文艺复兴传到英国的时期。 因此，莎士比亚的十四行诗不仅结构巧妙，语汇丰富，也同时反映了这一时期的人文主义思想，具有很强的时代背景。总之，莎士比亚的十四行诗在英国诗歌史上具有很高的地位，当得起空前绝后的美称。本诗运用了“五步抑扬格”，使得节奏鲜明，观点突出。
莎士比亚十四行诗释疑——第18首
莎士比亚十四行诗释疑——第18首 e-mail:renfalong31415@sina.com 原文： Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimm'd, And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or nature's changing course untrimm'd: But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st, Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st, So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 译文： 若将夏天比作你， 你更温馨更美丽， 狂风常摧五月芽， 夏日良辰稍纵逝， 天眼有时太热炽， 金容每被云纱蔽， 美丽终将渐消失， 自然变化不可期， 但你比夏平和久， 你的美丽永不失， 死神难夸摄你魂， 你将永生千秋诗， 若人有息有视明， 见诗见你传百世。 第十八首 注释 有人问，为什么莎士比亚十四行诗的第18首最引人关注，其原因之一，我认为该诗在莎士比亚154首十四行诗中，是最简单易懂的少数几首中的一首，可以作为莎诗阅读的开门之诗，由此而深入其境。 但是并不是说这首诗没有推敲之处： 1、如第4句，“and summer's lease hath all too short a date”，有人译作“夏日租出的日期未免太短”，太直译了，读起来就不直了，很费解。实际上这句话的意思很简单，即“夏日太短了”，译时可将“lease”省略，译文反倒简洁、明快。莎诗中经常出现，像“租期”、“契约”这类词，那是一种比喻而已，如果把它们直接译出来，倒有一点画蛇添足了，不必担心有人会批评你漏译。 2、第5句到第8句，作者历数了夏日的种种不尽如人意的地方，用以衬托诗中的主人翁，但在接下来的第9句，又将她比作永恒的夏天，读到这里，我们不禁要问，难道她也有夏天的种种不尽如人意的地方吗？非也。在莎翁的潜意识中，“thy eternal summer”是“more lovely and more temperate”（第2句），在莎翁的潜意识中，“她”的夏天是风和日丽的，没有狂风烈日的。我们姑且用“ideal perfect summer”来代替“eternal summer”，莎翁的潜意识就显露出来了。读者在阅读和翻译莎诗时要善于挖掘莎翁的潜意识。 3、还是第9句，fade有人译做“褪色”、“凋败”，都不确当，你说应该译做什么？该查查词典。 我们的宗旨是：通过对莎士比亚十四行诗的释疑，可以大大提高读者对英国古典诗的鉴赏水平，对英语本身也有更深刻的了解。
